B R Nahata Smriti Sansthan International Journal of Phramaceutical Sciences & Clinical Research

Recent Advancement of Herbal Drug on Liver Disorder

2024-02-02T07:01:27+00:00

Hepatotoxicity damage is a common complication because the liver has to detoxicate many toxic substances. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage cells primarily by producing reactive species which from covalent bond the lipids of the tissue due to excessive exposure hazardous chemicals like carbon tetrachloride, alcohol thioacetamide etc. Medicinal plants play a key role in human health care. About 80% of the world population believes in the use of traditional medicine which is based on plant materials. This review article is based on the recent advancement of herbal drug for liver disorder.

A Comprehensive Review of Teneligliptin on its Pharmacological, Pharmaceutical, and Analytical Profile

2024-02-02T07:04:50+00:00

Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has gained prominence in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pharmacologically, teneligliptin acts by inhibiting DPP-4, prolonging the action of incretin hormones, and promoting insulin secretion while reducing glucagon release. Clinical studies have established its efficacy in improving glycaemic control with a favorable safety profile. Pharmaceutically, teneligliptin is available in various dosage forms, including tablets and combination therapies, offering flexibility in treatment regimens. Its rapid absorption and relatively short half-life contribute to convenient dosing and patient adherence. Analytically, rigorous methods are employed to assess teneligliptin’s purity, stability, and bioavailability, ensuring consistent and reliable dosing. Its pharmacological efficacy, diverse pharmaceutical formulations, and rigorous analytical assessment collectively make it a valuable option in the therapeutic armamentarium for managing T2DM. Staying informed about the latest developments in teneligliptin research is essential for optimizing its clinical use.

Phytopharmacological Review on Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera Linn)

2024-02-02T07:08:02+00:00

Phoenix dactylifera Linn is known as date palm belonging to the Arecaceae family. This plant has various important medicinal uses such as reducing the swelling of foot, stress reducer, air purifier, treating allergies, preventing microbial infections, and improving brain function. Phytochemical analysis documented that the main bioactive compounds responsible for its medicinal effects are namely alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinone glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, flavanols, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins. Experiment from recent studies showed that various types of extracts from all parts of P. dactylifera exhibited a wide range of beneficial effects such as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-bacterial, sedative, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperlipidemic. Therefore, further research must be conducted to isolate the phytochemicals and explore their specific mechanism of action. This review summarizes the morphology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal uses of this plant with the purpose of finding gaps demanding for future research and investigating its therapeutic potential through clinical trials.

Organ on Chips: A New Paradigm for Alternative Animal Model in Drug Development

2024-02-02T07:10:31+00:00

Organs-on-chips (OoC) are microfluidic devices that incorporate electronic gadgets or tissues growing in them. Chips are developed to regulate biological microbial environments and specific tissues to optimize the human body. OoCs have received interest as a next-generation experimental platform for studying human pathophysiology and the effects of treatments on the body by combining developments in tissue engineering and microfabrication. Several successful devices based on various organs have been constructed, including lungs on a chip, liver on a chip, kidneys on a chip, hearts on a chip, intestines on a chip, and skin on a chip. The Food and Drug Administration has also shown trust in this technology and has formed agreements with industry and other entities that employ it. The history, concepts, method of preparation of organ on chips, examples of organ on a chip, and applications of the organ on a chip model in various scientific domains such as disease model development, drug screening, pharmacology, customized medicine, and dentistry are discussed in this review. Particularly given the challenges posed by the current spread of the COVID-19 virus, integrating multiple chip modules into a single integrated chip should be a priority for diagnosis and treatment. The market demand for organic product development is expected to increase in the future.

Suicide Curative Treatment Study and Drug Development

2024-02-02T07:12:59+00:00

Aims: Suicide is still a biologically mystery event that leads to a great number of human mortality globally. However, human suicide cases and mortality have not been declining over the past century despite the flourishing of biomedical and technical progression. There is no existing therapeutic architecture that can greatly convert suicide ideation and mortality worldwide. A multidisciplinary system is proposed to improve suicide diagnostic and therapeutic studies. Methods: Influenced by a great diversity and complex risk factors, clinical suicide prevention and management were poorly provided. Correspondingly, the integration of neurobiological and psychoanalysis concepts (multiple diagnostic parameters) may impact clinical suicide management and biomedical progress. Results: Neuropsychiatric evidence suggests that the new landscape of suicide study (biological exploitation) may have great potential in the future. Overlapping symptomatic and molecular biology data among different suicide patients may form a tangible bioscience concept in the clinic. Today, drug treatment against human suicide is commonly chemical agents that need drug utility life-long. Thus, other types of central nerve systems drugs (mainly biotherapy) may assist current ones for curability treatment. By this new integration, a faster pace of clinical diagnostic and treatment study will dawn. Discussion: Nonetheless, understanding the complex nature of human suicide is no easy task. A great deal of clinical neurobiological evidence and multidisciplinary diagnosis may create new hope for clinical paradigms against human suicide. After the promotion of biotherapy, a variety of new therapeutics, such as curative treatments for suicide may emerge and wide clinical application can be achieved. Conclusion: By multidisciplinary diagnosis and drug development, the next generation of clinical suicide prediction, pharmacology, and therapeutics can be constructed for the purpose of safety and curability for refractory suicide.

Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Aqueous Extract Combretum paniculatum Vent in Mice and Rats using Acidified Ethanol-induced Ulcer Model

2024-02-02T07:16:49+00:00

The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-ulcer activity of 80% aqueous leaf extract of Combretum paniculatum (CP) in rats and mice. Various concentrations of CP aqueous extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight) were used to determine the anti-gastric ulcer activities of methanol extracts of CP in mice and rats in an acidified ethanol-induced model. Cimetidine (150 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The following parameters, such as gastric fluid volume, PH, ulcer score, percentage ulceration, and percentage inhibition of ulcer index, were determined. An acute toxicity study was carried out, and the LD50 was determined as well as the histopathological study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by a Tuckey post hoc test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant while P < 0.01 was considered highly significant. The CP aqueous extract highly significantly P < 0.01 reduced the gastric index by 41.8%, 51.3%, and 82.3% in the acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model with reference to the standard drug. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was found to be >2000 mg/kg body weight. CP aqueous extract possesses both dose-dependent and time-dependent anti-ulcer activities. Bioactives such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids were present, while saponins were found to be absent. This study confirms the anti-ulcer pharmacological activities of CP aqueous extract; we suggest that further investigations should be carried out to isolate specific phytochemicals as well as to determine the mechanisms of action.

Anti-amnesic Activity of Pithecellobium dulce Benth. Leaves Extract Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

2024-02-17T05:42:28+00:00

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition that impairs memory and cognitive function and worsens as a person gets older. Pithecellobium dulce benth. is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments. Several chemical constituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins present in P. dulce benth. Possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Most of the drugs showed neuroprotective activity by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in brain cells. Thus, we intended to evaluate the anti-amnesic activity of the ethanolic extract of P. dulce benth. leaves against scopolamine-induced memory impairments in the experimental rat model. Methods: The investigation was conducted over a period of 28 days. Behavioral assessment was done on the 29th day using a rota rod, actophotometer, elevated plus maze, open field model, and biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, acetylcholinesterase activity, and protein estimation were estimated in brain homogenate. Rats (30) were divided into five groups of six animals each. Including a negative control, positive control (scopolamine 1 mg/kg I.P), standard (donepezil 2.5 mg/kg P.O), and two different doses of EEPD (200 and 400 mg/kg) along with scopolamine. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze all the data, and it was followed by a Tukey–Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Results: The results of the present study revealed that treatment with EEPD (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) increased locomotor activity, enhanced muscle grip strength, reduced amnesic-like behavior, and increased exploratory activity compared to the positive control group. The brain homogenate showed a decreased MDA level, an enhanced in catalase level, a decreased in acetylcholinesterase level, and an increased in protein level were seen in EEPD in a dose-dependent manner and donepezil-treated group when compared to a positive control group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the ethanolic extract of P. dulce B. possesses significant anti-amnesic activity.